Blue pill is the nickname given to this very popular, inexpensive and compact STM32F103 board. The STM32 family microcontrollers are very popular in consumer products. This microcontroller can be programmed using the Arduino IDE, however, this using this microcontroller should be considered only for experts.
There are at least 4 different methods to flash the STM32. One method is to use use the ST-Link V2 programmer.
Getting Started with the Blue Pill for Arduino users.
A series of instructional videos regarding NuttX, a Real-Time Operating System. Many of the later videos use the "Blue Pill".